business
Best AI Accounting Software
Twelve AI accounting platforms compared on US list price, how each charges for its AI, and what independent benchmarks and the IRS say, as of September 2026.
Quick answer: For most small businesses the best AI accounting software in 2026 is Xero, because its AI agent JAX is included in every plan at no extra charge and every plan carries unlimited users — though Xero’s US list prices rise on 1 October 2026 to $27, $59 and $97 per month. For businesses that need the largest app ecosystem and an accountant who already knows the software, QuickBooks Online remains the default, but its upper tiers are now among the most expensive of the mainstream small-business ledgers here after a price rise on 1 August 2026 that took Plus to $140 and Advanced to $340 per month, and Intuit tied that rise explicitly to its new AI capabilities. For best value, Zoho Books starts at $20 per month ($15 billed annually) with a free tier that does not expire for businesses at or below $50,000 in annual revenue. For mid-market and multi-entity finance teams, Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central at $80 per user per month is the only mid-market platform in this comparison that publishes a price at all, and it includes Copilot at no extra cost — though its two autonomous agents are sold separately. For venture-backed companies replacing a legacy ERP, Rillet ranks first among the AI-native general ledgers here and reached a $1 billion valuation in August 2026.
On independent testing: the first expert-built benchmark of frontier models doing day-to-day accounting work was published on 30 July 2026, and the best model in it scored 56.4 per cent. No model produced a fully correct answer on every attempt more than 2.6 per cent of the time. Every vendor accuracy figure on this page is self-reported, and none has been independently audited.
What this page covers, and what it does not
“AI accounting software” is sold as one category but covers three kinds of product, and many comparisons rank a general ledger alongside a receipt scanner.
1. General ledgers, with AI added in varying degrees. QuickBooks Online, Xero, Zoho Books, Sage, Oracle NetSuite, Dynamics 365 Business Central, FreshBooks and Wave. These hold your books. The AI categorises transactions, reconciles bank feeds, drafts invoices and answers questions about your numbers. The degree varies: Xero and QuickBooks have built agents, while FreshBooks and Wave charge nothing for AI and deliver it through document OCR and, in FreshBooks’ case, a partner. This is what someone searching for AI accounting software almost always means, and it is the spine of this page.
2. AI-native general ledgers. Rillet, Puzzle and Digits. These are also systems of record, but were built after large language models existed rather than retrofitted, and they compete by automating the close rather than by adding a chat box. Digits runs its own Autonomous General Ledger; Puzzle positions its Core tier as a QuickBooks replacement; Rillet sells against NetSuite, Sage Intacct and SAP.
3. Layers that sit on top of a ledger. Ramp, BILL, Dext, Vic.ai, Docyt and Basis. None of these is accounting software. They capture documents, code invoices, run accounts payable or automate firm workflows, then sync the result into the ledger you already have. They appear in many “best AI accounting software” lists and are covered here in their own section.
This page does not cover AI for spreadsheet work, which is best AI for Excel; AI for analysing data you have already closed, which is best AI for data analysis; general workplace assistants, which is best AI for business; or autonomous agent platforms as a category, which is best AI agents. The line is the ledger: if the product does not post to a chart of accounts, it is not on the main ranking here.
Three things changed in this category in 2026
Prices rose, and vendors attributed the rise to AI. Intuit raised QuickBooks Online Essentials, Plus and Advanced for renewals on or after 1 August 2026, and its own announcement put the reason in the same sentence as the increase: the new prices are “to support these new capabilities”, meaning Intuit Intelligence (Intuit). Xero’s US prices rise on 1 October 2026 (Xero). Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central rose on 1 November 2025, its first increase in more than five years (Microsoft).
The ledger moved into the chatbot. Xero and Anthropic announced a multi-year partnership on 27 March 2026 (Xero), delivered the Claude integration in May 2026 (Business Wire), and launched a ChatGPT plugin in mid-September 2026 (Xero). QuickBooks now has a connector in Claude and a plugin in ChatGPT covering sales, invoicing, payroll and lending, resting on two separate multi-year partnerships — one with Anthropic and one with OpenAI (Intuit). The OpenAI arrangement alone was reported at more than $100 million (TechCrunch). Ledger data from both platforms can now be queried from inside Claude and ChatGPT.
Expert-built benchmarks arrived. Until mid-2026 nearly every accuracy claim in this category came from a vendor. On 30 July 2026 Mercor, working with Ramp, published APEX-Accounting, a benchmark built by 42 accounting experts covering reconciliation, data entry, variance analysis and schedules and accruals (arXiv:2607.27189). The results are in the benchmark section below.
How each platform charges for its AI
Every platform below has AI. What differs is whether you have already paid for it, whether it is capped, and whether the interesting part is sold separately. All figures verified on 21 September 2026.
| Platform | How the AI is charged | Published cap or limit |
|---|---|---|
| Xero | Included in all plans, no separate charge | None published. Xero reserves the right to change JAX pricing |
| Zoho Books | Included, no separate Zia charge published | Receipt autoscans capped at 50 (Free), 200 (Standard, Professional), 1,000 (Premium and above) per month; “AI fields” limited to 2 on Premium and above, none below |
| QuickBooks Online | Bundled into tier price, which rose on 1 August 2026 | Conversational Business Intelligence has “limited inquiries available each month, depending on your QuickBooks plan”; chat is admin-users only and in beta; Invoicing on Autopilot is beta and “subject to monthly usage capacity limits” |
| Dynamics 365 Business Central | Copilot included at no extra cost; the two agents are not | Sales Order Agent and Payables Agent each “require Copilot Credits (sold separately)”, and an Azure subscription |
| Sage Intacct | Split. Some AI included, most sold separately | GL Outlier Detection and Search Help with Copilot included; AP Automation, Close Automation and Sage Expense Management require an account manager conversation. Finance Intelligence Agent is Early Adopter, opt-in, US English only |
| Oracle NetSuite | Not published | No pricing of any kind is published by Oracle for NetSuite |
| Puzzle | Credit meter on top of the plan price | 25 lifetime AI credits on Starter and Core; 100 per month on Complete; 300 per month on Scale |
| Digits | Outcome-based for accounting firms | Firms are charged only for clients where 95 per cent or more of transactions are zero-touch |
| Rillet | Not published | Not published |
| FreshBooks | No AI charge inside its own plans | AI bookkeeping is delivered through a partnership with Kick, priced separately by Kick |
| Wave | No AI-branded feature or AI charge | Bank auto-import and auto-categorisation are Pro-only |
| Ramp | Accounting Agent requires Ramp Plus | Plus is $15 per user per month plus an unpublished platform fee |
Three patterns in the table. Included is not unlimited — Xero and Zoho both include their AI in the plan price, but Zoho publishes hard monthly caps on the scanning that feeds it and QuickBooks publishes caps on the chat, so “included” and “metered” are not opposites. The agent is the upsell — Microsoft includes Copilot and charges credits for the two agents that take action. And three platforms — Oracle NetSuite, Sage Intacct and Rillet — publish no price; third-party figures for them are estimates.
Best AI accounting software in 2026: the ranking
Ranked on published price transparency, what the AI is allowed to do without a human, how the AI is metered, and fit for a defined buyer. Prices are US list, read from vendor pricing pages on 21 September 2026.
| Rank | Platform | Best for | US list price from | Ledger or layer | AI charged |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Xero | Small businesses with more than one person in the books | $25/mo, rising to $27 on 1 Oct 2026 | Ledger | Included |
| 2 | QuickBooks Online | Businesses whose accountant already uses it | $38/mo (Simple Start) | Ledger | Bundled into tier price |
| 3 | Zoho Books | Best value, and businesses already on Zoho | Free, then $20/mo | Ledger | Included, scanning capped |
| 4 | Dynamics 365 Business Central | Mid-market on Microsoft 365 | $80/user/mo, paid yearly | Ledger | Copilot included, agents extra |
| 5 | Rillet | Venture-backed companies leaving NetSuite | Not published | Ledger | Not published |
| 6 | Oracle NetSuite | Large multi-entity businesses already on NetSuite | Not published | Ledger | Not published |
| 7 | Sage Intacct | Finance teams needing deep controls and dimensions | Not published | Ledger | Split, mostly sold separately |
| 8 | Puzzle | Startups that want an AI-native ledger with a guarantee | $30/mo | Ledger | Credit meter |
| 9 | Digits | Accounting firms buying outcomes, not seats | $65/mo | Ledger | Outcome-based for firms |
| 10 | FreshBooks | Freelancers and service businesses billing time | $23/mo | Ledger | No AI charge; AI bookkeeping via Kick |
| 11 | Wave | Sole traders who need free invoicing | Free, Pro $19/mo | Ledger | No AI-branded feature |
| 12 | Sage 50 | US businesses needing desktop-grade inventory and job costing | $128.67/mo | Ledger | AI Document Capture, 25 credits/mo included |
Ramp, BILL, Dext, Vic.ai, Docyt and Basis are deliberately absent from this table. None of them holds a general ledger; they are covered separately below.
What independent testing actually shows
APEX-Accounting: the first expert-built benchmark of day-to-day accounting work
APEX-Accounting was posted on 29 July 2026 and revised on 30 July by Mercor in partnership with Ramp (arXiv:2607.27189v2). It is not the only accounting benchmark — its own related-work section cites AuditBench, FinMaster and AccountingBench — but it is the first built by a large expert panel around the ordinary work of a close.
The design matters. Forty-two accounting experts with a median of 11 years’ experience — 52.4 per cent of whom have worked at a Big Four firm — built 160 tasks across 10 self-contained companies, each frozen at a specific month-end close, all on US GAAP accrual-basis accounting. Tasks fall into four categories: reconciliation (61 tasks), schedules and accruals (45), variance analysis (28) and data entry (26). Nine frontier models were run eight times per task, producing 11,520 trajectories. Grading is outcome-based against expert-written pass or fail criteria averaging 13.7 per task, applied by a language-model judge that the authors validated at 97.1 per cent accuracy against three human annotators.
| Model | Mean Criteria@3 | Schedules and accruals |
|---|---|---|
| Claude Fable 5 | 56.4% | 51.0% |
| Muse Spark 1.1 | 52.6% | 46.4% |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | 51.5% | 46.5% |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | 48.0% | 38.1% |
| GLM-5.2 | 42.7%, derived | 31.0% |
| Grok 4.5 | 40.8% | 30.2% |
| Kimi K2.7 Code | 37.0%, derived | 25.9% |
| Gemini 3.1 Pro | 32.4%, derived | 28.9% |
| Qwen3.5-397B | 24.4%, lowest tested | 20.6% |
The paper predates Claude Fable 5.1 and GPT-6 Astra, both released in September 2026, so neither was tested. The category column is verbatim from the paper. Four of the overall scores are marked “derived” because we calculated them by weighting the paper’s published per-category results by its published task counts; the method reproduces the paper’s own stated figures for the models it names in the text, and any small discrepancy against the paper’s appendix is ours, not the authors’.
Three further findings. Consistency is close to non-existent: the paper’s Pass^8 metric, which asks whether a model produced a fully correct output on all eight attempts, tops out at 2.6 per cent, and the authors write that this demonstrates “how far agents are from reliably completing accounting work end to end”. Schedules and accruals is the hardest category for eight of the nine models tested, and is tied for hardest on the ninth, trailing each model’s best category by 7 to 21 percentage points. And the failures are reasoning failures, not plumbing failures: reasoning accounts for 59 to 79 per cent of annotated failures, and no annotated failure involved tool use. That analysis covers the three best-performing models only, with between 22 and 28 annotated failures each, so it is directional rather than exhaustive.
Disclosure: Ramp co-authored the benchmark and Ramp also sells a product in this category. Mercor built and ran it, the expert panel is independent of both, and the dataset is partly open-sourced.
AccountingBench: what happens over a full year
Penrose’s AccountingBench, published in July 2025, took a different approach: it gave models a real SaaS company’s books and asked them to close twelve consecutive months, with a human CPA as the baseline. No model completed the twelve months. The strongest ones closed the first month with balances typically within 1 per cent of the CPA’s, then accumulated compounding errors and behaved erratically, with overall balances diverging by more than 15 per cent — around half a million dollars — after several months. Gemini 2.5 Pro, o3 and o4-mini could not complete a single month. The two strongest models failed in different shapes: Grok 4 dropped sharply in month five, while Claude 4 declined gradually to below 85 per cent (Public Accountant, GIGAZINE).
Penrose’s reported failure mode: models recorded transactions before they understood the source data and then struggled to correct them, and when Claude’s and Grok’s figures did not match the bank balance, they pulled in unrelated transactions to make up the difference — then built the next month on top, carrying each error forward.
Vendor accuracy claims, and why none of them is comparable
Every accuracy figure published by a vendor in this category is self-reported, measured on its own data, against its own definition of correct.
| Vendor | Published claim | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Ramp | 98% accuracy on transactions flagged ready to sync; 3.5x more transactions auto-coded than legacy tools; 70% fewer corrections in month one | Footnoted by Ramp as internal Ramp data and customer survey |
| Puzzle | Up to 98% auto-categorisation and 98% accuracy | Vendor marketing, no methodology published |
| BILL | Up to 89% fewer coding steps; nearly 50% more automated multi-line coding, scoped to an average of one million multi-line bills a month | Vendor-reported |
| Digits | One unnamed firm moved to 98% automated transaction handling | Vendor-reported single case; the press release adds a “Top 400” label and a roughly 75% baseline that Digits’ own blog does not |
| Docyt | Reduces revenue accounting errors by 95% | Vendor marketing, no methodology published |
None of these has been independently audited. What some vendors do have is independent assurance over their controls, which is a different thing: Basis states it holds SOC 2 Type II, ISO 27001 and ISO 42001, the AI management systems standard (Basis); Rillet’s product page states SOC 1 Type II and SOC 2 Type II with annual third-party audits (Rillet), though a Rillet job posting describes the company as working toward SOC 2 Type II, so confirm the current report directly before relying on it. In both cases the reports themselves are gated. A SOC 2 report tells you the vendor operates its stated controls. It does not tell you the AI codes your transactions correctly.
One more benchmark circulates widely and should be labelled: DualEntry’s “2026 Accounting AI Benchmark” is run and graded by a vendor in this category, and tests foundation models on 101 questions rather than testing accounting products. Its figures also move — its live leaderboard now shows Grok 4.5 leading at 84.2 per cent across 43 models, with Claude Opus 4.7 at 73.3 per cent, while the 79.2 per cent figure still widely quoted for Opus 4.7 was a launch-day headline. It is not comparable with APEX-Accounting and is not used in this page’s rankings.
The platforms in detail
1. Xero — included AI, unlimited users, and a price rise on 1 October
Xero ranks first here for two reasons. Every plan includes unlimited users, so a bookkeeper, an accountant and two staff cost the same as one owner working alone — QuickBooks caps billable users at every tier. And JAX, Xero’s AI agent, is included: Xero’s own FAQ states that “JAX chat is available to all Xero subscribers and users” and that there is “currently no additional charge”, while explicitly reserving the right to change that.
US list prices today are Early $25, Growing $55 and Established $90 per month; Xero bills monthly and its US pricing FAQ describes no annual option. Those prices rise on 1 October 2026 to $27, $59 and $97, and Xero says its multi-organisation discount will begin to be phased out from the same date (Xero). A 90 per cent discount on the first six months, for new US customers only, is running until 30 September 2026, which means the number on Xero’s website today is not the number you will pay in month seven.
Early caps you at 20 invoices and 5 bills per month with a 30-day cash-flow forecast. Growing removes the caps and extends the forecast to 60 days. Established adds multicurrency, projects and expenses and a 180-day forecast. Automatic bank reconciliation is not available on Early — Smart Document Capture appears on all three plans, but auto-reconcile is Growing and Established only, so the cheapest plan gives you the least automation.
Xero’s own help centre still titles its JAX articles “BETA”, and the automatic bank reconciliation powered by JAX was described as rolling out globally in beta. Xero’s US marketing pages do not carry the beta label.
Best for: small businesses with an external bookkeeper or accountant, and anyone who wants their ledger queryable from Claude or ChatGPT today.
2. QuickBooks Online — the default, and now among the priciest at the top
QuickBooks Online has the largest app ecosystem, the deepest accountant support network in the US, and after 1 August 2026 some of the highest upper-tier prices of any mainstream small-business ledger here. Current US list prices, read from Intuit’s pricing page on 21 September 2026 beneath a “50% off for 3 months” promotion: Simple Start $38 (1 billable user), Essentials $85 (3 users), Plus $140 (5 users), Advanced $340 (25 users). The self-employed plan, which Intuit’s pricing card now calls Lite and its product pages still call Solopreneur, is $20. QuickBooks Free is $0 with no trial period stated, but is limited to one user with no accountant access, one bank connection, two receipts a month and two invoices a month — or unlimited invoices if you qualify for and enable QuickBooks Payments.
Intuit’s AI is now branded Intuit Intelligence, not Intuit Assist. What it does, and where:
- Auto Categorization learns your business and codes transactions. Available in Plus and Advanced. Intuit’s own description says the output is “human-validated for accuracy in the background”.
- Invoicing on Autopilot drafts invoices from saved documents and chases unpaid ones. In beta, Essentials and above, and “subject to monthly usage capacity limits”.
- Conversational Business Intelligence answers plain-language questions about the books. In beta, admin users only, with “limited inquiries available each month, depending on your QuickBooks plan”.
- Continuously Clean Books in Advanced adds human experts performing regular quality checks.
Intuit also added to Advanced alongside the rise: Bill Pay Elite is now included in Advanced at no extra subscription cost, which Intuit values at $540 a year, plus construction and professional-services industry tools it values at $900 a year. Bill Pay Elite is $45 a month as an add-on to Simple Start, Essentials and Plus. Enhanced inventory is a $40 a month add-on to Simple Start and Essentials. New subscribers hold their signup price for six months, with new pricing landing on the seventh invoice.
Best for: businesses whose accountant already works in QuickBooks, and anyone who needs a specific third-party app integration.
3. Zoho Books — the value pick, with a real free tier
Zoho Books pairs a free tier that does not expire with a full accounting feature set and paid plans from $20 a month. Free covers one user plus one accountant while fiscal-year revenue stays at or below $50,000, with 1,000 invoices a year — a revenue condition Wave’s free tier does not impose, though Wave gives you less for it. Paid plans, monthly price first and annual-billed price second: Standard $20 / $15 (3 users), Professional $50 / $40 (5 users), Premium $70 / $60 (10 users), Elite $150 / $120, Ultimate $275 / $240. Extra users are $3 a month, or $2.50 billed annually.
Zia, Zoho’s AI, covers natural-language queries, a CoCreate agent that builds invoices and reports from a prompt, AI bank-statement categorisation, anomaly detection and forecasts, and no separate Zia charge is published. The metering to watch is document autoscans, which is what feeds the AI: 50 a month on Free, 200 on Standard and Professional, 1,000 on Premium and above, with extra blocks of 50 at $10 a month. Zoho’s own detailed comparison also shows “AI fields” as unavailable on Free, Standard and Professional and limited to 2 on Premium and above.
Zoho does not publish which plan unlocks Ask Zia: data not available.
Best for: cost-sensitive businesses, and any business already running Zoho CRM or Zoho One.
4. Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central — the only transparent mid-market price
Business Central is $80 per user per month for Essentials and $110 for Premium, both paid yearly, with Team Members at $8. Those prices rose from $70 and $100 on 1 November 2025. On Microsoft’s own published comparison, Premium adds two things over Essentials: service order management and manufacturing. Everything else on that table — finance, sales, purchasing, inventory, supply chain planning, project and warehouse management, unlimited users, multiple environments — is in both, though the full Dynamics 365 licensing guide is the authority if a specific entitlement matters to you.
Copilot is included at no extra cost, and Microsoft’s own documentation confirms it: “Copilot in Business Central is included with your Business Central license at no extra cost”, with the caveat that “fair-use policies, quotas, or pricing might be introduced later” (Microsoft Learn). That covers bank reconciliation assistance, analysis assist, autofill, chat, e-document mapping, sales line suggestions and summarisation. The two agents are not included. Microsoft’s own comparison table marks both the Sales Order Agent and the Payables Agent as requiring Copilot Credits sold separately, and an Azure subscription is required to run agents at all.
Best for: mid-market businesses on Microsoft 365 that want a published price and a clear upgrade path from a small-business ledger.
5. Rillet — the AI-native ERP that reached a billion dollars in August
Rillet is a full AI-native ERP — general ledger, accounts receivable and payable, bank reconciliation, close management, multi-entity consolidation and revenue recognition — not a layer on anything. It raised $100 million at a $1 billion valuation led by ICONIQ, covered by Fortune on 18 August 2026 and TechCrunch on 19 August. Rillet says it is its third raise in a year and brings total funding to more than $200 million (Business Wire). Rillet states more than 600 customers, most of them leaving NetSuite, Oracle, SAP or Workday.
Rillet’s product page claims zero auto-posts without approval, 100 per cent of AI actions logged and materiality-tiered approval thresholds, under the heading “agents prepare, humans authorise”. These are product-page statements rather than attested controls.
Rillet does not publish pricing. Third-party buyer-data aggregators put an annual figure at roughly $28,000, with implementation pushing first-year cost higher; one of those aggregators labels its own page low-confidence, so treat the number as a rough anchor and get a quote.
Best for: venture-backed and multi-entity companies whose close is the bottleneck and who are already considering leaving NetSuite.
6. Oracle NetSuite — the incumbent, now with Ask Oracle
Oracle NetSuite publishes no pricing of any kind. Widely repeated third-party estimates of roughly $999 a month for the platform plus $99 to $199 per user per month are unverified by Oracle and every deal is negotiated.
NetSuite Next and Ask Oracle began rolling out in release 2026.2, announced on 15 July 2026 (Oracle NetSuite). Ask Oracle is a conversational layer with natural-language reporting and a “Show Explanation” function, and it sits at the centre of NetSuite Next. The practical point for an existing customer is that adopting it is not a reimplementation: Oracle states that data, roles, permissions, customisations and workflows stay the same, administrators activate from a banner once their account updates to 2026.2, and access can be enabled role by role. Availability is stated as “customers in the United States and Canada; additional countries coming soon”. No price for Ask Oracle or NetSuite Next is published.
Best for: businesses already on NetSuite.
7. Sage Intacct and Sage 50 — and a claim that could not be verified
Two things a US buyer should know about Sage before anything else. Sage Business Cloud Accounting was retired in the US on 31 December 2024, with access ending 31 January 2025, so there is no US Sage small-business cloud ledger; Sage directs US small businesses to Sage 50. And Sage 50’s own plan comparison table lists no AI feature at all, even though Sage 50 US 2026.1 does ship AI Document Capture with 25 credits a month included on an active subscription and more available to buy. Sage 50 Cloud monthly prices, from Sage’s US pricing page, are Pro $128.67, Premium $182.50 and Quantum $271.17 at one user, all with a minimum one-year commitment.
Sage Intacct is Sage’s mid-market product, and its pricing is not published. Sage Copilot’s cost is also not published; Sage’s FAQ says you “add on” Copilot to an existing subscription and that “Copilot availability differs depending on product and region”. Sage’s own Intacct documentation, last modified 17 September 2026, splits it clearly: GL Outlier Detection and Search Help with Copilot are included in the subscription, while AP Automation, Close Automation — Close Assistant, Subledger Reconciliation Assistant, Variance Analysis, Close Workspace — and Sage Expense Management all direct you to your account manager, which means sold separately. The Finance Intelligence Agent is in phased Early Adopter release, opt-in by an administrator, available in Australia, Canada, Singapore, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States, in US English only.
A claim we could not verify: a claim circulating widely in 2026 states that Sage Intacct “Finance AI” is available to all customers at no cost through May 2027. We could not verify it from any Sage-owned source. It does not appear in Sage’s 17 February 2026 press release on AI-powered close capabilities, the 5 May 2026 Sage Future release, the 25 August 2026 release on AI-powered financial controls, the Sage Intacct 2026 R3 release notes dated 7 August 2026, the Sage Ai help documentation or the Sage Copilot page. “Finance AI” is not a product name Sage itself uses anywhere we could find — Sage’s own names are Sage Ai, Sage Copilot and Finance Intelligence Agent. Every instance of the claim we traced leads back to one article, published 9 July 2026 by CBIZ, a national Sage partner, and written by its Sage Intacct practice director. The claim may apply to specific customers under specific contracts; it is not a published Sage commitment.
Best for: Intacct — finance teams that need dimensional reporting and strong controls and will run a procurement process. Sage 50 — US businesses needing desktop-grade inventory or job costing.
8. Puzzle — an AI-native ledger with a refund guarantee
Puzzle is a double-entry general ledger that positions its Core tier as a QuickBooks replacement, producing cash and accrual views from the same ledger. Software-only prices on month-to-month billing: Starter $30, Core $72, Complete $120, Scale $360. Annual billing is cheaper, but third-party renderings of the annual figures conflict with each other, so they are not given here. A software-plus-service option, Core with Expert Reviewed, is $171 a month for businesses up to $10,000 a month in expenses. Migration is a one-time $149.
Two things distinguish it. AI is metered in credits — 25 lifetime credits on Starter and Core, 100 a month on Complete, 300 a month on Scale — and Puzzle publishes a guarantee of a 50 per cent reduction in close time or a refund of subscription fees. Its “Accuracy AI” is described as six review layers with the framing “the agent prepares the work, you stay in control”.
Three points from the pricing page. Puzzle’s headline claims of “up to 98% auto-categorization” and “98% accuracy” carry no published methodology. Its pricing page is internally inconsistent on tax filing, quoting “from $1,250/yr” in the add-on list and “from $850 by entity type” in the FAQ below it. And the guarantee is narrower than the headline: the page states the window two different ways — within the first 60 days in the headline, at the second month’s close in the refund terms — and the conditions include an onboarding call within seven days, single-entity businesses only, live API integrations rather than CSV or PDF uploads, customer-reported measurement, and exclusion of implementation and third-party fees.
Best for: startups and small technical teams that want an AI-native ledger.
9. Digits — outcome-based pricing, brought to accounting
Digits runs its own Autonomous General Ledger, launched in March 2025, and describes itself in opposition to the rest of this category: “unlike legacy accounting systems or AI layered on top of them, Digits executes the workflow directly — ingesting transactions, auto-booking them, reconciling, and reviewing — without prompting”.
Its pricing model is verified from the company’s own release of 7 April 2026: Digits charges accounting firms only for clients where 95 per cent or more of transactions are “Zero-Touch Transactions” — transactions neither created nor edited by a human accountant before the books are closed. If a client has not reached that level of automation, Digits does not charge for that client, CPA Practice Advisor reported (CPA Practice Advisor). Digits describes itself as the first accounting platform to bring the model to the category. Outcome pricing itself is not new — Digits’ own blog names Sierra as a precedent — so treat “first” as scoped to accounting, which is how Digits itself scopes it.
Two limits. The per-client rate under outcome pricing is not published, so the model is verifiable and the cost is not. And outcome pricing applies to firms only — businesses buying directly pay published subscription rates of $65 a month for Essentials and $100 for Core, with a Pro tier at $250 listed as coming soon.
Best for: accounting firms running client accounting services at volume who want to pay per automated client.
10. FreshBooks and Wave — the invoicing-first options
FreshBooks is built around billing time rather than managing a ledger, and prices at Lite $23, Plus $43 and Premium $70 a month, with Select quoted. The constraint that decides the tier is billable clients: 5 on Lite, 50 on Plus, unlimited on Premium and Select, counting archived clients as well as active ones. Team members are $11 each a month on every tier. Inside its own plans, FreshBooks charges nothing for AI — what is included is receipt and bill OCR that improves by tier, from expense scanning on Plus to automatic multi-line capture on Select. The AI bookkeeping is a partnership rather than a product: in January 2026 FreshBooks announced an integration with Kick, an automated bookkeeping platform backed by OpenAI, Google Ventures and General Catalyst, which categorises and reconciles transactions with ex-Big Four accountants reviewing at year end, and is priced separately by Kick. FreshBooks also documents a connector in Claude. Deep promotional discounting is running, including $1 a month for the first year on Lite.
Wave is the free option, and the free tier narrowed. Starter at $0 covers unlimited invoices, estimates, bills and bookkeeping records. Pro at $19 a month, or $190 a year, is now required for automatic bank imports and auto-categorisation — along with adding users, attachments, integrations and removing Wave branding. Receipt capture on Starter is an $8 a month add-on in the US, or $72 a year. Wave’s own support documentation dates the bank-feed change to 1 June 2026 for legacy grandfathered accounts; for new US signups the paywall has been in place since February 2024. Wave publishes no AI-branded feature. Wave’s current pricing page advertises a promotional $9.50 Pro price while its own footnote for that offer says it ran from 2 December 2025 to 6 January 2026.
Best for: FreshBooks — freelancers and agencies billing hours to a small client list. Wave — sole traders who need free invoicing and will do their own categorising.
The layer above the ledger: what these products actually are
These appear on almost every competing list of AI accounting software. None of them holds your general ledger. Each syncs into the ledger you already run.
| Product | What it is | US price | What its AI does |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ramp | Corporate cards, expense, AP, procurement | Free $0; Plus $15/user/mo plus unpublished platform fee | Accounting Agent, launched 12 February 2026, codes transactions and bills at line-item level and auto-syncs routine low-risk spend |
| BILL | AP and AR automation | Essentials $49, Team $65, Corporate $89 per user/mo; Spend & Expense $0 | Invoice Coding Agent announced 5 February 2026; W-9 Agent and Reconciliation Agent from 28 October 2025 |
| Dext | Document capture and extraction | Slider-priced, from $25.21/mo annual for 250 documents and 5 users | Extraction and categorisation; AI Assist is $10.50/mo as a launch offer to 31 October 2026, standing price unpublished |
| Vic.ai | Autonomous AP for mid-market and enterprise | Not published | Invoice autonomy; Autopilot for PO-backed invoices shipped June 2025 |
| Docyt | Bookkeeping automation, heavily hospitality-focused | Hotel plans “start at $299/month” per entity; firm pricing not published | Transaction and revenue reconciliation automation |
| Basis | AI agents sold to accounting firms | Not published | End-to-end workflow agents across client accounting, tax and audit |
Ramp’s Accounting Agent allows the least human review in this table. Ramp states that the configuration is the customer’s — “you determine what Ramp can do: code, review, sync, or all of the above” — and that routine spend auto-syncs without review. The Accounting Agent is documented on Ramp Plus. Ramp raised $750 million at a $44 billion valuation in June 2026 and reports more than 70,000 customers (TechCrunch).
Basis is the firm-side story rather than the business-side one: $100 million at a $1.15 billion valuation led by Accel on 24 February 2026 (Business Wire), and Basis states it works with around 30 per cent of the top 25 accounting firms.
Two consolidations from this year are worth recording because vendor lists still name both products as independent. Botkeeper wound down as an independent company in February 2026, and its Infinite platform was acquired by Xendoo, reported on 27 February 2026 (Accounting Today); the platform continues to operate. And Bench — which paused operations abruptly on 27 December 2024 and was acquired by Employer.com three days later — is fully operational today and onboarding customers again, per its own site.
What it costs: full price comparison
All figures are US list prices read from vendor pricing pages on 21 September 2026. Where a vendor is running a promotion, the list price is given and the promotion noted. Promotional pricing is deliberately excluded from comparisons because it expires.
| Platform | Entry | Mid | Top published | Billing basis | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wave | $0 | Pro $19/mo | — | Per business | $190/yr annual. Bank import is Pro-only |
| Zoho Books | Free | Standard $20 ($15 annual) | Ultimate $275 ($240 annual) | Per organisation, users capped per tier | Free tier requires revenue at or below $50,000 |
| Xero | Early $25 | Growing $55 | Established $90 | Per organisation, unlimited users | Rises to $27 / $59 / $97 on 1 October 2026 |
| FreshBooks | Lite $23 | Plus $43 | Premium $70 | Per account, team members $11 each | Select is quoted. Heavy promotions running |
| QuickBooks Online | Simple Start $38 | Plus $140 | Advanced $340 | Per company file, users capped per tier | Essentials $85. Rose 1 August 2026 |
| Puzzle | Starter $30 | Core $72 | Scale $360 | Month-to-month; annual is cheaper | AI credits metered separately |
| Dynamics 365 Business Central | Essentials $80/user | Premium $110/user | — | Per user, paid yearly | Team Members $8. Agents need Copilot Credits |
| Sage 50 | Pro $128.67 | Premium $182.50 | Quantum $271.17 | Per month, one-year minimum | One user. No AI in the plan comparison |
| Digits | Essentials $65 | Core $100 | Pro $250, coming soon | Per month | Outcome-based for firms; those rates not published |
| Rillet | Not published | — | — | — | Third-party estimates roughly $28,000/yr |
| Oracle NetSuite | Not published | — | — | — | Third-party estimates only |
| Sage Intacct | Not published | — | — | — | Quote only |
Three of the twelve platforms — Rillet, Oracle NetSuite and Sage Intacct — publish no price. Of the platforms aimed at businesses with in-house finance teams, Business Central is the only one with a published price.
What actually changed in the QuickBooks price rise
Widely circulated figures for this rise use an out-of-date baseline, which inflates the increase by a factor of two to three.
Numerous reports state that QuickBooks Plus went from $99 to $140, a 41 per cent rise, and Advanced from $200 to $340, a 70 per cent rise. Those “before” figures are not the prices that were in force on 31 July 2026. Plus was $99 in 2024, and Advanced was $200 in both 2022 and 2023. Intuit raised prices in mid-2025, taking Plus to $115 and Advanced to $275, and those were the prices the August 2026 increase actually replaced. The same error runs through Essentials, where several write-ups give the old price as $60 — which was Essentials in 2023, not in July 2026, when it was $75.
| Plan | Price to 31 July 2026 | Price from 1 August 2026 | Actual increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple Start | $38 | $38 | No change |
| Essentials | $75 | $85 | 13.3% |
| Plus | $115 | $140 | 21.7% |
| Advanced | $275 | $340 | 23.6% |
The 2025 ladder is documented in a dated accountant write-up quoting Intuit’s own notification email of 27 May 2025 (The Woodard Report), which also carries the year-by-year history back to 2020 verified against archived Intuit pricing pages. Intuit’s own confirmation that Essentials, Plus and Advanced rose while Simple Start and Ledger did not is on its Firm of the Future product update, published 16 June 2026.
Source note: Intuit does not publish its own old-versus-new comparison as readable text. Its accountant post carries the comparison as an image file, and its consumer post as an embedded chart we could not read. Our figures for the pre-August prices therefore rest on a dated third-party write-up quoting Intuit’s email rather than on text from Intuit. The post-August figures are read directly from Intuit’s own pricing page today and are not in doubt.
The real increases are still substantial — 13.3 per cent on Essentials, and roughly $300 a year more for a Plus subscriber and $780 a year more for an Advanced subscriber. They are not 41 and 70 per cent.
Best for each situation
Best overall for small business: Xero. Included AI, unlimited users on every plan and live integrations with both Claude and ChatGPT. Buy Growing rather than Early if you want automatic bank reconciliation, and budget for the 1 October 2026 increase.
Best if your accountant already uses it: QuickBooks Online. Plus at $140 is the tier where Auto Categorization begins.
Best value: Zoho Books. Standard at $15 a month on annual billing with Zia included, or free below $50,000 in revenue. Check the autoscan cap against your monthly receipt volume before committing.
Best free option: Wave Starter. Free double-entry bookkeeping and unlimited invoicing; automatic bank import and categorisation require Pro at $19.
Best for freelancers billing time: FreshBooks. Lite at $23 for up to five clients.
Best for mid-market with a published price: Dynamics 365 Business Central. $80 per user per month with Copilot included. Price the Copilot Credits separately if you want the Payables or Sales Order agent.
Best AI-native ledger for a funded startup: Rillet. States zero auto-posts without approval. Pricing is quote-only.
Best for a startup that wants a price on the page: Puzzle. Core at $72 a month with an AI credit allowance stated up front, and a conditional close-time guarantee.
Best for an accounting firm: Digits for outcome-based client work, Basis for firm-wide agents. Digits only charges for clients that reach 95 per cent zero-touch; Basis states it holds ISO 42001 certification for AI management systems.
Best for large multi-entity businesses: Oracle NetSuite if you are already on it, since adopting Ask Oracle does not require a reimplementation, or Sage Intacct if you need dimensional reporting. Budget separately for Sage’s AI; most of the interesting modules are sold separately.
Best if what you actually need is accounts payable, not accounting: Ramp or BILL. Ramp has a $0 tier; BILL prices per user.
The compliance position in 2026
The IRS issued guidelines on 24 June 2026. The Office of Professional Responsibility published “Introductory Guidelines for Responsible AI Use in Federal Tax Practice”, Alert Issue Number 2026-19 (IRS). It creates no new rules; it applies existing Circular 230 duties to generative AI. The specific applications:
- Due diligence, §10.22 — practitioners must thoroughly review all AI-created documents and verify facts, citations and calculations. Sole reliance on AI is not permitted.
- Competence, §10.35 — understanding the technology’s operational mechanics, limitations and risks is now part of competence, not an optional extra.
- Procedures to ensure compliance, §10.36 — firm principals must have written internal AI policies covering staff training, secure data handling, accuracy monitoring, vendor vetting and documentation.
- Written advice, §10.37 — AI output cannot be relied on without independent authentication; blind reliance may constitute unreasonable reliance.
- Confidentiality, IRC §§6713 and 7216(a) — preparer penalties for unauthorised disclosure apply to uploading client data to unsecured or public AI systems.
- Fees, §10.27(a) — the IRS position is that billing for time not actually spent, or double-billing AI-assisted tasks, may be an unconscionable fee, and that cost savings should be credited to the client.
The AICPA is contesting the fee language. On 8 September 2026 the AICPA said it was seeking IRS clarification. Eva Simpson, AICPA vice president for member value, tax and advisory services, described the position as “an overly simplistic view that ignores the full economics of AI adoption, including software licensing costs, implementation expenses, governance requirements, and the significant investment needed to train professionals to use these tools responsibly and effectively”. AICPA chief executive Mark Koziel said the language “is not authoritative” and that the OPR may be “overstepping a little bit” (Journal of Accountancy). The question is unresolved.
IESBA. IESBA’s staff publication of 15 July 2026 maps seven characteristics of emerging technology — opacity, non-determinism, data dependence, perpetual adaptivity, autonomy, scalability and speed — against the fundamental principles of the ethics code, and its governing principle is that accountants remain responsible for the judgments and decisions they make whatever the level of automation or technological sophistication involved (IESBA). A dedicated AI-specific IESBA publication is flagged as coming and has not been issued.
What the PCAOB has not done. The PCAOB has run a strategic planning consultation through 2026, including a request for comment on its draft 2026–2030 goals published 20 July 2026 with comments closing 4 September. That is consultation, not guidance. The PCAOB has issued no AI-specific standard or staff guidance in 2026, and its relevant existing standards — AS 1000 and the amendments to AS 1105 and AS 2301 on technology-assisted analysis — date from 2024.
What to check before you buy
Six questions, with what each vendor publishes.
1. Can the AI post to the ledger without a human? Rillet states zero auto-posts without approval. Puzzle describes the agent as preparing work you approve. Ramp auto-syncs routine low-risk spend without review by default configuration. Digits’ entire pricing model is built on transactions no human touched. Each of these is a vendor statement rather than an audited control.
2. Is the AI included, capped, or sold separately? Use the meter table above. “AI included” and “AI unlimited” are different claims, and Zoho, QuickBooks and Puzzle all publish caps on the included version.
3. What is the list price, not the promotional price? As of today, QuickBooks is showing 50 per cent off for three months, Xero 90 per cent off for six months and FreshBooks up to 80 per cent off for three months. Two of those platforms also have list prices that changed in 2026.
4. Does it log what the AI did? Rillet states that 100 per cent of AI actions are logged. The mainstream ledgers on this page publish no equivalent statement.
5. Who is responsible when it is wrong? The IRS guidance above makes the practitioner responsible for reviewing output, and IESBA makes the professional responsible for the judgment regardless of automation.
6. Will the vendor exist in three years? Botkeeper wound down as an independent company in February 2026 and Bench paused operations overnight in December 2024. Both platforms continue under new owners.
Frequently asked questions
What is the best AI accounting software in 2026?
For most small businesses it is Xero, because JAX is included in every plan at no extra charge, every plan carries unlimited users, and Xero data is now queryable from both Claude and ChatGPT. QuickBooks Online has the larger app ecosystem and wider accountant support in the US, but is more expensive after its 1 August 2026 increase and caps billable users on every tier. Zoho Books is the best value at $20 a month, or $15 billed annually, with a non-expiring free tier below $50,000 in annual revenue. Mid-market buyers who want a published price should look at Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central at $80 per user per month.
How much does AI accounting software cost in 2026?
US list prices as of 21 September 2026 run from free to $360 a month for small-business platforms. Wave Starter and Zoho Books both have free tiers. Xero starts at $25 a month, rising to $27 on 1 October 2026. FreshBooks starts at $23. QuickBooks Online runs from $38 for Simple Start to $340 for Advanced, and Puzzle’s top published tier is $360. Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central is $80 per user per month paid yearly. Oracle NetSuite, Sage Intacct and Rillet publish no pricing at all and are quote-only.
Is AI accounting software accurate enough to trust?
Not unsupervised, on the current evidence. In APEX-Accounting, published on 30 July 2026 by Mercor with Ramp and built by 42 accounting experts, the best frontier model scored 56.4 per cent against expert-written criteria, and no model produced a fully correct answer on all eight attempts more than 2.6 per cent of the time. Penrose’s AccountingBench asked models to close a real company’s books for twelve consecutive months: none completed the run, and the strongest started within about 1 per cent of a human CPA’s balances before drifting more than 15 per cent adrift as errors compounded. Every vendor accuracy figure in this category is self-reported and none has been independently audited.
Does QuickBooks have AI, and is it included?
Yes. Intuit’s AI is branded Intuit Intelligence and is bundled into the plan price rather than sold as an add-on, but what you get depends on the tier. Auto Categorization is available in Plus and Advanced. Invoicing on Autopilot is in beta on Essentials and above and is subject to monthly usage capacity limits. Conversational Business Intelligence is in beta, is restricted to admin users and allows limited inquiries each month depending on your plan. QuickBooks Advanced also includes Continuously Clean Books, where human experts perform regular quality checks on the AI’s categorisation.
Why did QuickBooks prices increase in August 2026?
Intuit raised the monthly price of QuickBooks Online Essentials, Plus and Advanced for renewals on or after 1 August 2026, and tied the increase directly to new AI capabilities and workflow improvements in its own announcement. Essentials went from $75 to $85, Plus from $115 to $140 and Advanced from $275 to $340 — increases of 13.3, 21.7 and 23.6 per cent. Simple Start, Free, Lite and Ledger were unchanged. Reports of a 41 per cent rise on Plus or a 70 per cent rise on Advanced are comparing today’s price against a 2024 price for Plus and a 2022 or 2023 price for Advanced, not against the prices actually in force in July 2026.
Is Xero’s JAX included in the price?
Yes, at present. Xero’s own FAQ states that JAX chat is available to all Xero subscribers and users and that there is currently no additional charge, while explicitly reserving the right to change the terms and pricing of JAX in future. Automatic bank reconciliation powered by JAX is available on Growing and above in the US, not on the Early plan. Some Xero Central documentation still labels JAX articles as beta even though the US marketing pages do not.
Is Xero raising its prices?
Yes. Xero’s US list prices rise on 1 October 2026: Early from $25 to $27, Growing from $55 to $59 and Established from $90 to $97 a month. Xero is also phasing out its multi-organisation discount from the same date. A promotional 90 per cent discount for the first six months is running until 30 September 2026, which means the price shown on Xero’s website today is not the price you will pay from month seven.
Can AI replace my bookkeeper or accountant?
The published evidence does not show that it can. The independent benchmarks above show frontier models degrading over a multi-month close and reaching a fully correct result on all attempts less than 3 per cent of the time. Separately, the IRS Office of Professional Responsibility made clear on 24 June 2026 that practitioners must independently verify AI output and cannot rely on it alone, and IESBA stated on 15 July 2026 that accountants remain responsible for their judgments regardless of the level of automation.
What is the best free AI accounting software?
Wave Starter and Zoho Books Free are the two credible free double-entry options. Wave Starter is free with no revenue limit and covers unlimited invoices, estimates and bookkeeping records, but automatic bank import and auto-categorisation require Pro at $19 a month. Zoho Books Free supports one user plus one accountant while fiscal-year revenue stays at or below $50,000 and includes 50 receipt autoscans a month. QuickBooks Free exists with no stated trial period, but is limited to one user with no accountant access, one bank connection and two invoices a month unless you enable QuickBooks Payments.
What is the difference between AI accounting software and AI bookkeeping tools?
Accounting software holds the general ledger and produces your financial statements. Bookkeeping and automation tools sit on top of it — they capture receipts, code invoices, run accounts payable or reconcile transactions, then push the result into your ledger. Ramp, BILL, Dext, Vic.ai and Docyt are all in the second group despite appearing on most “AI accounting software” lists. The practical test is whether the product posts to a chart of accounts: if it does not, you still need accounting software underneath it.
Which AI model is best at accounting?
On the largest expert-built benchmark of close work available, Claude Fable 5 leads at 56.4 per cent of criteria met, ahead of Muse Spark 1.1 at 52.6 per cent, GPT-5.6 Sol at 51.5 per cent and Claude Opus 4.8 at 48.0 per cent (APEX-Accounting, 30 July 2026). Eight of the nine models tested were weakest at schedules and accruals, the judgment-heavy core of a month-end close, and the ninth was tied. Claude Fable 5.1 and GPT-6 Astra, both released in September, were not tested. This ranks raw model capability, not products — accounting platforms add controls, integrations and human review layers on top, which is why product choice and model choice are separate decisions.
Do I have to tell my clients I used AI?
The IRS Office of Professional Responsibility’s June 2026 alert applies Circular 230 §10.27(a) to AI, taking the position that billing for time not actually spent may be an unconscionable fee and that cost savings “should be passed on openly” and credited to the client. The AICPA is formally contesting that reading and is working with the IRS on clarifying language. The same alert applies §10.36 to call for documented firm AI policies.
Is Sage Intacct’s AI free until 2027?
We could not verify that claim from any Sage-owned source, and this page does not repeat it. The claim circulating widely in 2026 is that Sage Intacct “Finance AI” is available to all customers at no cost through May 2027, but it does not appear in Sage’s February, May or August 2026 press releases, the Sage Intacct 2026 R3 release notes of 7 August 2026, the Sage Ai documentation or the Sage Copilot page, and “Finance AI” is not a product name Sage itself uses. Every version of it we traced leads back to a single article published on 9 July 2026 by a Sage partner. What Sage’s own documentation does say is that GL Outlier Detection and Search Help with Copilot are included in the subscription, while AP Automation, Close Automation and Sage Expense Management require a conversation with an account manager. Confirm your own entitlement with Sage in writing.
Can I use my accounting data inside ChatGPT or Claude?
Yes, for both Xero and QuickBooks, as of September 2026. Xero and Anthropic announced a multi-year partnership on 27 March 2026, delivered the Claude integration in May and launched a ChatGPT plugin in mid-September that covers profit and loss, balance sheet, invoices and bills. QuickBooks has a connector in Claude and a plugin in ChatGPT covering sales, invoicing, payroll and lending, resting on two separate multi-year partnerships, one with Anthropic and one with OpenAI, the latter reported at more than $100 million. Xero states that financial data shared between the platforms is used solely for the user’s session and that proprietary business data is never used to train Claude’s models.
Summary as of September 2026
Every platform here includes some AI; they differ in whether it is included in the plan price, capped, or sold separately, and in whether it can post without human approval. On APEX-Accounting, the best frontier model tested met 56.4 per cent of expert-written criteria. Xero ranks first for small businesses at $25 a month, rising to $27 on 1 October 2026; QuickBooks Online starts at $38; Business Central is $80 per user per month and is the only mid-market platform here with a published price; Rillet is quote-only.
Prices on this page are US list prices read from vendor pricing pages on 21 September 2026 and change frequently. QuickBooks Online increased on 1 August 2026; Xero’s US prices increase on 1 October 2026; Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central increased on 1 November 2025. Promotional discounts were running on QuickBooks, Xero and FreshBooks on the day this page was written and are excluded from all comparisons; Dext’s AI Assist price is a launch offer ending 31 October 2026. Where a vendor publishes no price — Oracle NetSuite, Sage Intacct, Rillet, Basis, Vic.ai — this page says so rather than repeating a third-party estimate as fact. Where sources conflict, both are given or neither is used: the pre-August QuickBooks prices, Puzzle’s annual-billing figures and Puzzle’s tax-filing fee are all flagged in the text. Where a widely repeated claim could not be substantiated — Sage Intacct “Finance AI” free through May 2027, and the suggestion that the PCAOB issued AI guidance in 2026 — this page states that it could not be verified rather than repeating it. Every vendor accuracy figure quoted is self-reported and labelled as such, including those of Ramp, which co-authored the benchmark this page relies on most heavily. Four figures in the benchmark table are marked as derived by us from the paper’s published per-category results rather than quoted from it.